Background Of Rapid Urbanization Research Articles

Spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and driving forces of vegetation cover variations in the Chengdu-Chongqing region of China under the background of rapid urbanization.

The research on the spatiotemporal changes and driving factors of ecosystems in rapidly urbanizing regions has always been a topic of widespread concern. As the fourth pole of China's economic development, the research on the Chengdu-Chongqing region has reference significance for the urbanization process of developing countries such as India, Brazil, and South Africa.The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) has been widely applied in studies of plant and ecosystem changes. Based on MODIS NDVI data from 2001 to 2020 and meteorological data of the same period, this study reveals the evolution of NDVI in the Chengdu-Chongqing region from three aspects: the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of NDVI, the prediction of future trends in vegetation coverage, and the response of vegetation to climate change and human activities. During the period of plant growth, the mean NDVI achieved a value of 0.78, and the vegetation coverage rate is increasing year by year. According to the Hurst index, the future NDVI in Chengdu-Chongqing region will tend to decrease, and its trend is opposite to that of the past period of time. The Chengdu-Chongqing region vegetation positively affected by human activities is greater than those negatively affected, and in terms of vegetation degradation, the impact of human activities is greater than climate change.

Decline in Planting Areas of Double-Season Rice by Half in Southern China over the Last Two Decades

Accurately tracking the changes in rice cropping intensity is a critical requirement for policymakers to formulate reasonable land-use policies. Southern China is a traditional region for rice multi-cropping, yet less is known about its spatial–temporal changes under the background of rapid urbanization in recent decades. Based on images from Landsat and MODIS and multiple land cover products, the gap-filling and Savitzky–Golay filter method (GF-SG), the enhanced pixel-based phenological features composite approach (Eppf-CM), random forest (RF), and the difference in NDVI approach (DNDVI) were combined to map the rice cropping pattern with a spatial resolution of 30 × 30 m over Southern China in 2000 and 2020 through Google Earth Engine (GEE). Subsequently, the spatial–temporal changes in rice cropping intensity and their driving factors were examined by Getis-Ord Gi* and geographical detector. The results showed that the produced rice cropping pattern maps exhibited high accuracy, with kappa coefficients and overall accuracies exceeding 0.81 and 90%, respectively. Over the past two decades, the planting areas of double-season rice in Southern China decreased by 54.49%, and a reduction was observed across eight provinces, while only half of the provinces exhibited an increase in the planting areas of single-season rice. Compared to the year 2000, the planting area of the conversion from double- to single-season rice cropping systems in 2020 was 2.71 times larger than that of the conversion from single- to double-season rice cropping systems. The hotspots of the change in rice cropping intensity were mainly located in the central part of Southern China (excluding the Poyang Lake Plain). The decline in the rural labor force, coupled with ≥10 °C accumulated temperature and topographical factors, plays a crucial role in the decreased intensity of rice cropping. Our findings can be beneficial for realizing regional agricultural sustainability and food security.

주택법제에서 공법의 기능과 공동주택 관리

The traditional housing law system of Korea centered on supply and demand, which was formed against the background of rapid urbanization and population growth, could no longer be maintained as the housing supply rate exceeded 100% and the country entered a rapidly declining population. The changed social structure is demanding institutional transformation in the direction of boldly abandoning the ‘construction promotion act’ system in Korean housing legislation, remodeling old apartments, and delicately managing apartments. It is time to discuss the reform direction of the fundamental structure of the housing law system through social consensus and discussion. In this article, we reviewed the process of introducing the institutional function of the current housing law system and its social background, following the historical process of the formation of the framework of Korea's housing law system. When the social reality, which is the foundation of the housing legislation, changes, the function and system of the norm cannot help but change accordingly. In this article, we looked at the achievements of adaptation to the current legislation and future tasks under the premise that the center of gravity of Korean housing law system will inevitably shift to the ‘management function of apartment housing’ for a considerable period of time in the future. The change in Korean society, which has escaped from the desperate housing shortage and is entering a declining population, is an institutional challenge, but on the other hand, it can act as an opportunity to improve the quality of the city. We look forward to the rebirth of the housing law system that upgrades our apartment buildings to a more pleasant environment and a space with efficient and reasonable functions including informatization, away from the perspective of the development era.

Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Evolution of Regional Settlements under the Background of Rapid Urbanization: A Case Study in Sishui County, China

China’s urbanization has achieved rapid development in the past 20 years, with towns expanding in size and the population increasing, while rural society has also undergone dramatic changes. An in-depth study on the evolution process of rural settlements in the context of rapid urbanization is beneficial to the rational planning of villages and the promotion of green and sustainable urban development. Located in East China, Sishui County is in the transition area between three types of landforms: hills, plains, and mountains. The spatial distribution of rural settlements in the urbanization process shows obvious regional differences. To our best knowledge, research on the spatio-temporal evolution of regional settlements in Sishui County is rare. In this study, we chose Sishui County as the study area, utilized Landsat5 (TM) and Landsat8 (OLI) satellite data as remote sensing data sources, and applied Geographic Information System (GIS) spatial analysis methods, central place theory, and core–periphery theory to explore the evolution process for the pattern, scale, and structure of rural settlements in this region from 2000 to 2021 and to investigate the influencing factors. The results show that: (1) in terms of the evolution of the rural settlement pattern, its distribution shows a gradual increase in the degree of dispersion, which indicates an overall development trend in the region of Sishui County in recent years and that the trend is gradually increasing; (2) in terms of scale evolution, the degree and speed of expansion in rural settlements of Sishui County have gradually decreased, and the scale grade has gradually increased; (3) in terms of structural evolution, the hierarchy system in rural settlements of Sishui County is constantly being improved and optimized from a simple to a complex core–periphery structure. These results will provide data support for the rational planning of villages and sustainable, high-quality urban development. They will also help local governments take appropriate measures to achieve coordinated and sustainable socio-economic and environmental development in the region.

Landscape ecological risk assessment and its driving factors of multi-mountainous city

Urban land has been expanding under the background of rapid urbanization, which leads to the increasingly prominent problem of regional ecological security in multi-mountainous cities. In order to scientifically formulate land use policies and maintain regional ecological security pattern, it is necessary to assess regional landscape ecological risk (LER), explore its influencing factors, and simulate the LERs under different scenarios in the future. This study takes Guiyang, a typical mountainous city in the karst area of southwest China, as the study area. Based on the three-phase remote sensing images, the landscape pattern index and the Geodetector method (GDM) were used to assess LER and the corresponding driving factors from 2000 to 2020, and the PLUS model was used to simulate LER under different urban development scenarios in 2030. The results showed: (1) The average landscape ecological risk index (LERI) in 2000, 2010, and 2020 were 0.0341, 0.0320, and 0.0304, respectively. This shows that the overall LER of Guiyang is low and gradually decreases over time. (2) The LER pattern has significant positive spatial autocorrelation, but the autocorrelation decreases with the development of the city. (3) From 2000 to 2020, ecological driving factors were the main influencing factors of LER, but the impact of social driving factors on LER was growing with time. (4) The LER change of Guiyang in 2030 varies significantly under different scenarios, among which the area of the risk up zone in the natural development scenario is the largest, followed by the farmland protection scenario, and the ecological priority scenario is the smallest. This study will provide a scientific basis and reference for the overall development planning of multi-mountainous cities, regional ecological protection planning, and the formulation of relevant land use policies.

Сучасні геоекологічні проблеми північної частини басейну р. Ірпінь та шляхи їх вирішення (на основі матеріалів космічних зйомок і наземних досліджень)

The article deals with the conditions, natural and human-made factors of formation and development of negative geo -ecological processes within the northern part of the Irpin river valley and its tributaries: Bucha and Rokach rivers. The characteristics of the ecological state of small river basins are given and the main problems of the environment are outlined. The main conclusion is that the water ecosystems of the northern part of the Irpin basin have been significantly transformed and almost completely lost their natural state. In order to improve the environmental situation and confront the developers who destroy the remained natural complexes in the floodplains of the rivers Irpin, Bucha, Rokach, it is proposed to form landscape reserves and recreational zones with strict environmental status. The second urgent need is clearing the riverbeds from domestic and construction debris and solving the problem of centralized wastewater sewerage. Particular attention is paid to the problems of underflooding and flooding of floodplain areas in connection with the development of the urban environment and the consequences of hostilities. On the basis of the analysis of the digital model of the terrain and satellite monitoring of real events, the model of spread and development of processes of underflooding and flooding of the territory under certain weather conditions and the water transfer of the Kyiv reservoir into the valley of the river Irpin is formed. It is proposed to carry out independent detailed satellite and ground monitoring geo -ecological research for the preservation, further protection, and rational use of the environment, primarily of the floodplain areas. Its results and conclusions will contribute to positive management decisions concerning environmental preservation. Against the background of rapid urbanization, population growth, long-term trends in climate change and the growth of environmental risks for the population, these studies provide not only environmental protection but also socio-economic effect.

Dynamic Evolution of the Ecological Resilience and Response under the Context of Carbon Neutrality

Among the background of rapid urbanization and climate change, the capacity of urban ecosystems to recover from disturbances has been considerably disrupted. However, the existing study often lacks dynamic assessments in terms of the response process underlying ecological resilience. Here we use the “resistance, adaptability, and recovery” framework to quantify the ecological resilience, and the dynamic response of ecological resilience to carbon storage and emissions was investigated. The results showed that (a) the ecological resilience of Dalian demonstrated a trend of continuous decline from 2005 to 2019; (b) the clustering characteristics of cold/hot spots for ecological resilience in Dalian were obvious. The cold spots of ecological resilience agglomerated into larger cold spots area during the study. The new patches were mainly located in the southern of Jinzhou and the downtown area of Dalian; (c) carbon storage had a clear positive impact on urban ecological resilience, and this impact showed an increasing trend. In contrast, carbon emissions had a clear negative impact on urban ecological resilience. The piecewise linear regression results reveal that the impact of carbon emission on ecological resilience had a threshold effect, and the area above the threshold became the key area for ecological resilience management; (d) according to the development trend and response conclusion of ecological resilience, the study area was divided into areas of low ecological resilience emission reduction, high ecological resilience carbon storage, and ecological resilience stability protection zone. The present study provides spatial guidance for investigating the evolution and response process of ecological resilience.

Ecological Restoration Strategies for Mountainous Cities Based on Ecological Security Patterns and Circuit Theory: A Case of Central Urban Areas in Chongqing, China.

Urban ecosystems are under enormous pressure in the background of rapid urbanization. Mountainous cities are more prone to degradation due to dramatic topography. Ecological security patterns combined with circuit theory can effectively identify ecological barriers and "pinch points" and propose targeted ecological restoration and protection strategies. In order to ensure the ecosystem health and sustainable development of mountainous cities, this paper applies the MSPA model, Invest model, MCR model, and Linkage Mapper Tools to identify the ecological source regions, eco-corridors, and "key points" in the central metropolitan area of Chongqing. The study shows that: (1) There are 43 ecological sources in the central urban area of Chongqing, with a total area of 986.56 km2, and it forms a linear distribution with a multi-patch scattering pattern. (2) A series of 86 ecological corridors in the area, totaling 315.14 km, show a pattern of more corridors in the east and fewer in the west. (3) The research found 17 sites totaling 24.20 km of the ecological corridor in the barrier point zone. In addition, up to 22 segments, totaling 19.27 km of the ecological corridor, are located in the "pinch point" zone. (4) The barrier point and "pinch point" on the ecological corridors are identified to obtain their type, scale, and location, thus suggesting conservation-restoration.

Deconstructing the driving factors of land development intensity from multi-scale in differentiated functional zones

Land development intensity (LDI) is an important indicator of how much human exploitation of land resources. Against the background of rapid urbanization and industrialization, in order to curb the over-occupation of agricultural and ecological space by urbanized space, China has proposed the Major Functional Zoning Planning (MFZP) as a new spatial governance model, which attempts to implement differentiated LDI control according to the functional positioning of different regions. To observe the spatio-temporal evolution and drivers of LDI in the first five years since the implementation of the MFZP, we chose the Yangtze River Delta, the most urbanized region in China, as a case area. The multi-scale distribution pattern of LDI was analyzed by combining macro and micro scales, and a new spatial measurement method integrating global and local regression models was developed to quantitatively deconstruct the natural-human drivers of LDI in different functional zones. Results demonstrate that LDI decreases in a gradient of the urbanized zone (UZ) > main agricultural production zone (MAPZ) > key ecological function zone (KEFZ). In the UZ, LDI is influenced by natural-human multi factors, e.g., terrain conditions (SLP), proportion of cultivated land area (PCL), proportion of ecologically important area (EID), population urbanization rate (PUR), GDP per capita (PGDP), fixed asset investment size per land (FAI) and fiscal expenditure as a percentage of GDP (FD). The LDI in the MAPZ is mainly affected by the facilitating role of PCL, EID, FAI, and the prominent role of FD, while that in the KEFZ is mainly inhibited by SLP, EID, and driven by the PGDP. The diverse drivers of LDI in different functional zones remind us to implement differentiated spatial control according to functional positioning and to adopt refined policy tools of zoning and classification to ensure that land resources within each type of functional zone can be used sustainably.

Study on the spatial-temporal pattern and evolution of surface urban heat island in 180 shrinking cities in China

Under the background of rapid urbanization, the urban heat island effect becomes more and more intense, which is common in many big cities. However, it is unclear whether this change will lead to a new turnaround in the mitigation of the urban heat island effect in shrinking cities with population loss. In this study, based on the MODIS product from 2001 to 2019, we analyzed the spatial and temporal patterns of surface urban heat island (SUHI) in 180 shrinking cities in China. The changes of SUHI at different scales in combination with latitude and climate zones were quantified. The results showed that SUHI intensity varied greatly in different latitudes and climate zones. In the arid zone, the SUHI intensity is the lowest in the daytime and the highest in the night. Combined with the SUHI characteristics of typical expanding cities, SUHI of shrinking cities in China shows a decreasing trend. This indicates that in shrinking cities, the decrease of population has a certain easing effect on SUHI. However, the driving mechanism behind it needs to be further explored so as to put forward specific measures to alleviate SUHI more specifically.

Multiscale spatiotemporal dynamics analysis of urban green space: Implications for green space planning in the rapid urbanizing Hefei City, China

Under the pressure of rapid urbanization, the spatiotemporal dynamics of urban green spaces (UGS) have enormous impacts on the local ecological system and environment at different scales. In this study, UGS in Hefei City, which has experienced rapid urbanization from 1995 to 2015, were extracted based on time-series Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-8 OLI images, and different types of parks were mapped based on GF-2 images combined with multi-source metadata. Dynamic patterns of green space were examined by drawing the spatial variations of green space at the city, inner city, and park scales. Results revealed that: (1) At the city level, UGS decreased with the rapid urbanization, especially farmland sharply lost in areas around existing urban areas and along the transportation corridors. (2) At the inner-city level, concentric analyses showed that UGS changes in different rings had unique trends, and the dynamic changes were the most significant in Rings 2 and 3. Comparative analysis of old and new districts showed that the common characteristics of UGS changes were the transfer-out of farmland and the transfer-in of built-up land, and the newer the region, the more intense the changes. (3) At the park level, the number and area of urban parks were increasing from the center to the periphery, and the type of park gradually changed from single to rich. Significant spatial heterogeneity was identified in the landscape patterns of urban parks based on fishnet cell analysis. It is fundamental to assign urban construction land for socio-economic development, while planning UGS at different scales; moreover, integrating different green space-related policies could protect the UGS and maintain its stability. Only in this way can UGS combine economic, social, and ecological benefits under the background of rapid urbanization.

Analysis of energy-saving for ventilation and air-conditioning system of subway stations with platform screen doors

Under the background of rapid urbanization and carbon neutralization, energy-saving operation of subway stations has become a widespread concern in China. This study focused on energy-saving measures and potentials for Platform Screen Door (PSD) subway stations in various climates. To this end, theoretical-based white-box model was innovatively established and validated. Then Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (VAC) energy was extensively simulated to systematically analyze energy-saving potentials of five common measures, including mechanical fresh air supply, PSD airtightness, station temperature, Coefficient of Performance (COP) of chiller, Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) of terminal equipment. Results show that operation measure with the greatest energy-saving potential is increasing air-conditioning temperature, with 16.9–21.0% of energy-saving potential. Besides, cancelling mechanical fresh air supply, improving COP of chiller, and improving EER of terminal equipment can bring about 11.6–20.3% of energy-savings for stations in different climate regions, whereas enhancing airtightness of PSD exerts the slightest impact on the VAC energy use, with merely 5% of energy-saving potential. Suggestions were proposed quantitatively according to effectiveness and priority of the measures, and economic benefits were discussed preliminarily. The outcomes of this study not only provide information support for governors to formulate specifications, but also provide reference for operators to take effective measures.

The Intellectual Structure of Research on Rural-to-Urban Migrants: A Bibliometric Analysis.

As noted in the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals 2030 agenda, sustainable cities “without leaving anyone behind” should take into consideration migrant groups, which may play only a marginal role but may be at the root of potential social conflicts. This study thereby promotes cross-disciplinary explorations of knowing and understanding the rural-to-urban internal migrants against the background of rapid urbanization. This study conducted a bibliometric analysis based on 2788 English language articles obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database. As China’s unique Hukou system highlights the divide between rural migrants and urban dwellers, migrant studies have extended to a diverse range of interests. We underlined the most productive sources and authors in this area and identified networks of collaboration among countries and institutions. Furthermore, we found trends in research themes and topics and research clusters through keyword-based analysis techniques. The results provide a rich source of information on the intellectual structure of the chosen domain of rural-to-urban migrants.

The influence of water source protection zone delimitation on development in Huanren Manchu Autonomous County

Under the background of rapid urbanization and industrialization development, in order to satisfy the increasing demand of residents for domestic water, the establishment of water source protection zone is the most effective way to protect water resources at present. However, the influence on the social and economic development could not be ignored. The article analyzes the influence of the delimitation of water source protection zone on economy such as ecological migration, urban municipal pipe network construction, rural drinking water and urban water supply. The impact on economy like industrial enterprises, agricultural planting, livestock industry, aquaculture, tourist industry were also mentioned. The article triggers the exploration of the way to realize the coordination and sustainable development of economy, society, resources and environment

“双碳”目标下闽三角碳排放脱钩状态及驱动机制分析

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 “双碳”目标下闽三角碳排放脱钩状态及驱动机制分析 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202201270257 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0502902） Decoupling status and driving mechanisms of carbon emissions in the Golden Triangle of Southern Fujian under "carbon peaking and neutrality" goals Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFC0502902) 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:快速城市化背景下，建设低碳城市群是实现"双碳"目标的最佳方式。在碳排放核算的基础上，使用Tapio脱钩模型和LMDI方法对闽三角以及厦门、漳州和泉州的脱钩状态和碳排放的驱动机制进行了研究。主要结论如下：（1）2005-2017年闽三角碳排放和人均碳排放均持续增加，二者有相同的变化趋势。闽三角的工业中心泉州有最高的碳排放和人均碳排放。发展型城市漳州碳排放最低，但碳排放和人均碳排放增长率均最高。服务型城市厦门碳排放增长率最低。（2）闽三角的脱钩状态逐渐改善，平均脱钩系数为1.03，脱钩状态为扩张性连接。厦门、漳州和泉州的平均脱钩系数分别为0.45、2.70和1.10，3个城市分别以弱脱钩、扩张负脱钩和扩张性连接状态为主。（3）人均GDP和人口规模是闽三角碳排放的正向因素，能源结构和能源强度是负向因素。正向因素的贡献在下降，负向因素的贡献在升高。人均GDP和能源结构分别对漳州和厦门碳排放有最强的促进和抑制效应。能源强度对3个城市碳排放变化的效应不同。（4）人口扩张促进碳排放增加，使碳排放与经济发展无法脱钩。人口规模对闽三角碳减排无脱钩努力。能源结构优化和能源强度下降有助于碳排放与经济发展脱钩，是闽三角碳减排的强脱钩努力和弱脱钩努力。能源强度对泉州碳减排无脱钩努力。优化能源结构是闽三角实现碳减排和"双碳"目标的关键。已经脱钩的厦门宜尽早制定碳达峰行动计划，引领闽三角的碳达峰行动。漳州可通过升级产业结构实现减排。泉州必须提升能源效率才能降低碳排放。 Abstract:Developing low-carbon urban agglomeration is the best way to achieve "carbon peaking" and "carbon neutrality" goals under the background of rapid urbanization. Based on carbon emissions accounting, the Tapio decoupling model and the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) method are utilized to analyze the decoupling status and driving mechanisms of carbon emissions of the Golden Triangle of Southern Fujian (GTSF), Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Quanzhou. The main findings are as follows:(1) Carbon emissions and carbon emissions per capita both kept increasing from 2005 and 2017, with the same trend. Quanzhou, an industrial center of the GTSF, has the highest carbon emissions and carbon emissions per capita. Zhangzhou, a developing city, has the least carbon emissions but the highest growth rate of carbon emissions and carbon emissions per capita. Xiamen, a service-oriented city, holds the lowest growth rate of carbon emissions. (2) Decoupling status of the GTSF has improved. The average decoupling index of the GTSF is 1.03, and the decoupling status is dominated by the expansive connection. The average decoupling indices of Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Quanzhou are 0.45, 2.70 and 1.10, respectively. The dominant decoupling status of the three cities is weak decoupling, expansive negative decoupling, and the expansive connection, respectively. (3) Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and population size are positive factors of carbon emissions of the GTSF, while energy structure and energy intensity are negative factors. The contribution of the positive factors is decreasing, while the contribution of the negative factors is increasing. GDP per capita and energy structure have the strongest promoting effects and inhibiting effects on carbon emissions of Zhangzhou and Xiamen, respectively. The effects of energy intensity on carbon emissions of the three cities are different. (4) Population expansion leads to an increase in carbon emissions, which is not conducive to the decoupling of carbon emissions and economic development. Population size has no decoupling efforts on carbon emissions reduction of the GTSF. The optimization of energy structure and the decline of energy intensity contribute to the decoupling of carbon emissions and economic development. Energy structure and energy intensity are the strong decoupling efforts and the weak decoupling efforts of carbon emissions reduction of the GTSF, respectively. Energy intensity has no decoupling efforts on carbon emissions reduction of Quanzhou. For the GTSF, optimizing energy structure is the key to realize carbon emissions reduction and "carbon peaking and neutrality" goals. It is suggested that Xiamen, which has been decoupled, should formulate carbon emissions peaking action plans, and lead the peaking actions of the GTSF. Zhangzhou can achieve carbon emissions reduction by upgrading industrial structure. Carbon emissions reduction of Quanzhou depends on the improvement of energy efficiency. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Spatiotemporal Changes in Mulberry-Dyke-Fish Ponds in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area over the Past 40 Years

Mulberry-dyke-fish pond ecosystems are a representative traditional eco-agriculture in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). Investigations about the changes in the systems and their relevant water environments under the background of rapid urbanization can provide valuable information to formulate sustainable protection and development strategies. Using the Landsat images obtained after 1986, this study combined supervised classification and visual interpretation approaches, as well as water intensity index and synthesized index to identify the spatial patterns of changes in the ponds in the GBA over the past 40 years. The results indicated that during the period 1986–2013, the total surface area of the ponds in the GBA increased significantly and peaked in 2013 with a total increase of 84.63%; After that, the total surface area showed a downward trend with a total decrease of approximately 31.34%. The year of 2013 was identified as the milestone of the changes. The results proved that human activities have continuously influenced the spatial distribution and size of fish ponds in the past 40 years. The fish ponds had transformed from near-natural ponds with different sizes and a near-natural random distribution in the early stage into an artificial distribution and an artificial shape. Land use changes, industrial transfer, Government guidance and financial motives were the major drivers to the changes. If no effective measures are taken, this shrinking trend in the ponds will remain in the future.

Promotion of Social Integration of Migrant Population by Public Libraries Under the Background of Rapid Urbanization

Promotion of Social Integration of Migrant Population by Public Libraries Under the Background of Rapid Urbanization

Urban spatial expansion and its impacts on ecosystem service value of typical oasis cities around Tarim Basin, northwest China

Under the background of rapid urbanization, the change of urban land use structure has a great impact on ecological environments, and determination of impacts of urban spatial expansion (USE) on the urban ecosystem service value (ESV) is of particular significance to sustainable development in arid regions. To archive a better understanding of the spatio-temporal characteristics of USE, and to quantitatively describe the impact of USE on ESV, five typical oasis cities around the Tarim Basin are selected as research areas. Based on classifying the land use types from LandsatTM/ETM+/OLI imagery data between 1990 and 2015, the urban spatio-temporal dynamic changes are quantitatively analyzed, ESV changes of each land use types and each ecosystem functions were estimated, and USE impacts on ESV is determined. The results are concluded as follows: (1) Over the researched 25 years, the largest USE area occurred in Korla, followed by 63.65 km2, and the smallest is in Artux, followed by 2.91 km2. (2) Farmland and unused land has a great contribution to the USE, and the reduction of farmland in five cities were 2.68 km2 in Korla, 5.13 km2 in Aksu, 0.54 km2 in Artux, 28.42 km2 in Kashgar, and 14.25 km2 in Hotan during the 1990–2015 years. (3) Both of the expansion speed and expansion intensity are maximal in Hotan (followed by 8.38% and 25.89%) and minimal in Artux. (4) There are the highest compactness, the lowest fractal dimension, and the simplest and most stable shape in Artux. In contrast, Korla has the lowest compactness and highest fractal dimension, and is the most complex, disperse and unstable city. (5) The total ESV of the five cities is reduced at 45.36 million CNY with a decrease rate of −21.54%. Among these cities, only Korla shows an increasing trend of ESV (23.72 million CNY), but the other four cities shows a decreasing trend with 20.98 million CNY in Aksu, 0.15 million CNY in Artux, 35.76 million CNY in Kashgar, and 12.20 million CNY in Hotan. (6) USE has a great effect on the ESV changes, and the increasing runoff, temperature and precipitation are impacting the ESV in some positive ways. (7) Waste treatment, water conservation and soil formation functions are the top three ecosystem functions with high service value, and ecosystem function of the five cities belong to a provision function. In light of these findings, this study conveys important strategies for regional sustainable development and plan in the arid ecologically fragile regions.

[Ecological network construction and optimization in Foshan City, China].

Under the background of rapid urbanization, the problem of fragmented habitat patches in economically developed areas is particularly prominent, where biodiversity is seriously threa-tened. Therefore, the construction of ecological network is an important measure to connect habitat patches and protect biological habitats. We extracted ecological source areas of Foshan City by using the connectivity index and morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA). Potential ecological corridors were identified based on InVEST model and minimal cumulative resistance (MCR). Combining the radiation channels extracted from hydrological analysis to build an ecological network in Foshan City. The ecological network was optimized by adding ecological source areas, stepping stones, and identifying fracture points. Finally, the network before and after optimization was evalua-ted from the aspects of both structure and function based on network analysis method and circuit theory. The results showed that ecological network in Foshan City was composed of 10 ecological source areas, 8 important corridors, 37 general corridors, and 11 radiation channels. After optimization, 7 new ecological source areas, 17 planning corridors, 13 stepping stones, and 80 fracture points were added. After optimization, the ecological network closure, the line rate index and the connection degree index were 0.59, 1.94, and 0.73, respectively. The maximum current density increased from 1.39 to 9.66 after optimization, indicating that the optimized ecological network structure was more perfect and highly connective.

Coupling analysis of urbanization and ecological total factor energy efficiency —— A case study from Hebei province in China

Under the background of rapid urbanization, the contradictions among urbanization construction, resource consumption and ecological environment become increasingly prominent. Research on Comprehensive Urbanization Level (CUL) and Ecological Total Factor Energy Efficiency (ETFEE) is beneficial to the development of new urbanization and ecological protection. Under the basis of related researches, the urbanization evaluation system is constructed and the CUL is measured from four dimensions: population, economy, society and space. The ETFEE is calculated by a SBM-Undesirable model, and the Coupling Coordination Degree (CCD) model is established to calculate the CCD between CUL and ETFEE. The findings show that: (1) the CUL from high to low is as follows: eastern Hebei, central Hebei, northern Hebei and southern Hebei, and there is still room for improvement in the urbanization of each region; (2) ETFEE values of the cities show overall upward trends; (3) the CCD is in transition from a low-moderate coupling stage to a moderate-high one. This study has certain reference value for decision-makers to formulate related policies of urbanization and energy efficiency.